Do Bacteria From Our Mouth Affect Our Lungs?

Commensal bacteria are microorganisms that reside on or within a host organism in a relationship where the host is neither harmed nor benefited. 

The term "commensal" derives from the Latin commensalis, meaning "sharing a table," aptly describing their close association.
While typically harmless, these bacteria can transition into pathogens under specific conditions, such as an overpopulation or displacement within the host.

Recent research has unveiled a surprising connection between oral microbiota and lung health. Genetic analysis has identified distinct oral bacteria in the lungs that may be the driver of more severe disease. This bacteria makes its way into the lungs through microaspiration.

Dr Sanjay Chotirmall from NTU, Singapore, and Dr Leo Segal from NYU Langone, spoke at the World Bronchiectasis Conference in July. They are at the forefront of investigating the lung microbiome to pinpoint bacterial culprits linked to both more severe bronchiectasis and increased infection risk. Their work employs advanced genetic sequencing to uncover pathogens that evade traditional culture methods.

A groundbreaking discovery by Dr. Chotirmall's team implicated the bacterium Neisseria in the exacerbation of bronchiectasis, particularly among Asian patients. This finding correlates poorer lung function, frequent infections, and overall disease severity with the presence of Neisseria.

These findings underscore the complex interplay between commensal bacteria and human health. As research progresses, a deeper understanding of the oral-lung connection will likely lead to novel diagnostic tools and more individualized therapeutic interventions.
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